PESTS AND DISEASES OF CHILLI PEPPERS 

PESTS:

ACARUS | Index

The upper part of the leaves is their preferred settlement. In addition, the extremely small size makes it impossible to see them. The only detectable parasite is the red spider, due to its relief color compared to the green of the leaves.

The plant loses its vigor as it is infested by mites. The leaves fade and fall. The eriofids are the main cause of the loss of the leaves.

How to prevent? Use mineral oil (in the months of: November, January and February).

Natural cures: Phytoseiulus tetranychum.

Chemical treatments: Any acaricide.

LADYBUGS | Index

The ladybugs settle mainly in the cracks and where the sun does not beat. They are able to infest numerous types of plants.

The leaves become sticky and if you look closely you will notice the presence of patchy shields or wadding formations in which the parasites hide.

The parasite is removed manually if it has not yet completely infested the plant with the use of alcohol. In case it is too late to intervene partially, you must use the white oil that is activated through a pyrethroid or with malathion. Treat your chili plants with anticoccidia (early spring or autumn/winter) and destroy the eggs of the ladybugs that have been deposited.

How to prevent? Use mineral oils, copper, prospaltella berlesei (predators).

Natural treatments: Vegetable oils, predators.

Chemical treatments: anticoccidic at first appearance.

 APHIDS | Index

You may have already heard of aphids (fidomizi insects) are common lice.

Ants and sticky leaves are a sign of lice infestation on our plant. This parasite feeds on honeydew, produced by aphids.

How to prevent? Arrange a lavender bush every 5 square meters, squeeze 3 cloves of garlic and elongate the juice in 1 liter of water, then spray on the leaves; natural predators (eg: Diptera Sirfidi, Coleoptera Coccinellidi, Neurotteri Crisoperi, etc).

Natural treatments: pyrethrum, neem oil, etc.

Chemical treatments: Any aphids (especially use the systemic at first appearance).

ANGUILLULE | Index

Le anguillule vivono nei tessuti malati e sono altamente tossici. Sono dei parassiti microscopici. They must be eliminated immediately because they lead to the death of the plant.

We can notice the presence of eels paying attention to the leaves, if there are dark spots delimited by veins then we will have to provide in some way. Also, remember that wet leaves encourage increased infection.

How to prevent? Arthrobotrys superba, Bioact WG (bio).

Natural treatments: Solarization, bringing the culture medium to a temperature of 45/50 C compete for 3 hours and Bioact WG (bio).

Chemical treatments: Fumigants (dazomet and metam sodium), Non Fumigants, Carbammati (aldicarb, carbofuran, oxamyl), Phosphorganici (cadusafos, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate).

WHITE FLY | Index

The lower part of the plant is the nourishment of the white fly. The consequences of the infestation are: yellow leaves, weak plant or worse, loss of leaves and death. Ants, which feed on honeydew that this parasite produces in high quantities, develop smokes.

Natural treatments: Yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones.

Chemical treatments: Close-up treatments, one per week in a month, pyrethrum-based products, acephal, dimethoate + endosulfan, or alternatively with imidacloprid, repeat treatment once a month.

THRIPS | Index

The thrips are small insects visible on the leaves usually of blackish colour.

This parasite is very small. The thrips are easily identifiable because they are black.

How to prevent? Yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones are used.

Natural treatments: Use antagonistic insects (e.g.: the olius leavigator is an anthcoride predator of the thrips), pyrethrum and roll-gard blue (blue chromotopic traps).

Chemical treatments: We carry out a treatment with specific products every 10 days following the indications on the labels and the advice of the seller

LEAF MINERS | Index

The larvae from the eggs penetrate the mesophile of the leaves and cause their fall.

How to prevent? Use yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones.

Natural treatments: Lepinox plus, yellow chromotropic traps, biological control techniques such as Eulofid Hymenoptera Diglyphus isaea, parasite ide ectophagous larvae of Liriomyza trifolii.

Chemical treatments: Larvicides with endotherapeutic action.

BUG | Index

The bug feeds on the sap of the plant. To reach the tissues it hurts the plant, weakening it and giving the possibility to fungi and bacteria to attack it.

The sap of the plant is the nourishment that gives the energy necessary to the bug to develop, to reach it the parasite injures the plant, weakens all its structure and creates infections due to the development of fungi and bacteria.

The symptoms are: necrosis, during the ripening phase of the fruits develop chloritic punctuations that become localized necrosis (nuanced).

How to prevent? Use chromotropic traps.

Natural treatments: Piretro.

Chemical treatments: Pyrethroid insecticides.

SNAILS | Index

The tongue parasite called "glade", which takes the name of slurry or snail, is the cause of the leaf ruin of the plants. The symptoms we find are: the tender leaves have holes and usually also close excrements.

How to prevent? Use Lumachicids.

Natural treatments: Manual elimination at dawn and in the evening.

Chemical treatments: Lumachicides.

NOTTULA AND TINGOLA | Index 

These two parasites attack the aerial organs of the plant. The symptoms are: damage to the leaves, flowers and fruits through atypical erosions, holes in the dust of the fruits and practically damaging the entire harvest.

How to prevent? Use yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones.

Natural treatments: Prepare a solution of water or saponaria or chopped garlic.

Chemical treatments: Confidor, Decis Jet, Provado, Skorpio.

METCALFA PRUINOSA | Index

The Metcalfa pruniosa is born around the first half of May when the eggs of the parasite begin to hatch. In July we see the first specimens, with grey wings and length not exceeding the 8 millimeters. Like many parasites, it nourishes of the nymph taken thanks to the host plants and produces the metala (therefore the ants that cause the fumaggine are a visible consequence).

The most evident sign of its presence is the white colour of the honeydew over the entire structure of the plant, including buds and bunches.

How to prevent? Use yellow chromotropic traps.

Natural cures: Yellow chromotropic traps, Neodryinus typhlocybae (predatory insect).

Chemical treatments: Chlor pyrifos and Fenitrothion (active ingredients).

OZIORRINCO | Index

It is the larva of a beetle that when adult is brown/blackish 10 mm long similar to a beetle, goes up at night the plants and nourishes of the leaves.

The beetle attacks especially at night by feeding through the leaves of the plant. The Oziorrinco is very similar to the beetle, is 10mm long and when adult becomes dark (almost black).

How to prevent? Pershing (months of April and October)

Natural treatments: Larvanem - Nemasys L

Chemical treatments: Pershing microgranular in the ground (in October and January)

TENTREDINE WINDER | Index

The rolling machine has the head black and the body dotted with black on yellow. This hymenopter destroys the foliar lamina from which it gets the nourishment, leaves only the nervations and brings the rose to death.

How to prevent? Pershing (in April and September)

Natural treatments: Adina 10, Naturalis, Piretro

Chemical treatments: Decis Jet - Confido

TORTRICI | Index

The green and long Tortrici between 5 and 10 mm, cause the crumpling of the leaves of the plant. In addition, they produce wool that serves to protect themselves from phytopharmaceutical contact products.

The signal of the presence of this parasite are the circular holes on the leaves and flowers of the plant.

How to prevent? Pershing (in April and September)

Natural cures: Adina 10, Naturalis, Piretro

Chemical treatments: Decis Jet - Confidor

DISEASES:

 GREY MOLD | Index

It can attack all the organs of the plant causing foliar spots, rottenness of the buds and
of flowers. Easily identifiable as the characteristic mold is formed on the affected organs.

The grey mold attacks the plant entirely, each organ is hit by the mold that is responsible for the main signs of infestation: the spots on the leaves, the rot of the buds and flowers.

How to prevent? Moisture on leaves should be avoided

Natural treatments: Dodina, Index, Copper

Chemical treatments: Pomarsol - Folicur SE

 OIDIO O WHITE EVIL | Index

The disease of the "Mal Bianco" attacks the leaves and causes the white efflorescence which resembles the dust and smells of fungus.

How to prevent? With sulfur or sodium bicarbonate 200 g per 1l of water

Natural treatments: Sulfur, Sodium Bicarbonate

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim Combi

NECTRIA GALLIGENA | Index

It is the sporigen fungus that attacks the branches, the stem and the leaves.
The plant develops ulcers that expand, for example on the woody tissues we find burnished lesions with target appearance and that become a callous scar area.

How to prevent? You must disinfect scissors and knives; prune and burn the affected branches

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

Chemical treatments: Proclaim Combi - Folicur SE

TICCHIOLATURA O BLACK BLOTCH | Index

This disease attacks leaves, stems and fruits. It develops on ornamental plants due to diplocarpon or marssonin fungi.

How to prevent? With concentrated copper (in October, November and January)

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

PERONOSPORA | Index

The disease attacks the whole plant. The leaves stained on the upper page which pale, dry up and on the lower part develop the whitish efflorescence. The stems stained like the leaves, lose the turgescence and the stem breaks. Finally, the fruits, irregularly stained and of dark colour, have coriaceous and irregular skin; the berry rots completely.

How to prevent? With copper (in October, November and January)

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim Combi

RUST AND HELMINTHOSPORIOSE (RUST SCABBIOSA) | Index

Be careful especially in the spring until June. This pathogen causes the formation of yellow spots on the top of the leaf. The lower part has some powdery lumps of yellow colour (the spores). The spots tend to become dark almost black. This disease does not cause death immediately, but brings the plant to yellowing and if present massively on a plant causes a stage of vegetative stasis. The plant completes the cycle of vegetation, but eventually dies.

How to prevent? With concentrated copper (in October, November and January)

Natural treatments: Sulfur, Sodium Bicarbonate

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE, Proclaim Combi dithianon or thiophanate methyl.

FUMAGGINE | Index

First of all, let’s explain what smoking is: a group of saprophytic fungi, which feed on attacked substances (honeydew) that are produced by various insects (cochineal aphid and metcalfa).

It does not attack the plant, but creates dark and sooty structures, composed of intertwined mycelium. As the filaments and their compactness increase, it can no longer receive sunlight. When it comes to prolonged attacks, the weakened plant can die.

There are some types of smokes: dry and crusty; soft and greasy. This fungus is brown/black and when localized on the plant makes it aesthetically unpleasant.

How to prevent? Eliminate the main producers of honeydew and remove it from the leaves

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim

RADICAL RUTTENNES | Index

Armillaria mellea is a fungus that causes this disease. Plants have slow growth, chlorotic leaves, weak branches and other symptoms. To prevent this pathogen from developing, it is essential to prevent water from stagnating (be careful when the plant is resting).

If the plant has been slightly affected, the affected branches may be removed and burned and the trunk collar disinfected (copper-based products).
If the compromise of the roots and the trunk is serious, it is necessary to extirpate the plant and to avoid the spread of the disease. Be careful to also disinfect the soil (sulfur products).

How to prevent? Eliminate water stagnations

Natural treatments: sulfur 

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim Combi and fumigants

 ROT OF THE COLLAR OF THE ROOTS| Index

The fallen fruits and the contaminated plant residues that remain in the soil are the cause of the rot, which penetrates the plant through wounds or directly. The affected plants weaken, have chlorotic and withered leaves. In the most serious cases the plant dies.

The collar of the plant becomes thickened with spongy layers, the cortical tissues flake, the bark darkens and large necrotic areas form in the central cylinder. The masculine fruits. 

How to prevent? Eliminate and avoid water that stagnates, injuries, respect the depth in planting and place the drippers away from the stem

Natural treatments: copper compounds allowed

Chemical treatments: copper compounds, phos-ethyl aluminium and Bordeaux pulp

 ANTRACNOSI | Index

The pathogen determines necrotic spots on the leaves, whilst the petioles and the fruits have a roundish shape and the margins are well delimited.

Treatment: Poltiglia Bordolese

ASCOCHYTA | Index

The genus of this pathogen belongs to the Deuteromycetes, family Sferioidacee. There are 400 species, especially saprophytes and maculicules. Some produce more or less corroded spots on the leaves of various cultivated Solanaceae, artichoke, asparagus etc.

Treatments: You must remove and burn the affected parts.

ALTERNARIA | Index

The pathogen determines small translucent spots surrounded by a reddish margin that expand and necrotize. The fruits have circular necrotic spots outlined by the mould.

Treatment: Chloride oxides of copper

FUSARIUM | Index

The leaves turn yellow, then brown and dry, the pathogen expands rapidly and the plant dies in a short time.

Treatment: Poltiglia Bordolese

MYROTHECIUM | Index

On the leaves are formed circular brown spots and the fruiting bodies of the fungus located in the center. Eliminate the part attached to the plant.

Treatment: Chloride oxides of copper

MONILLIOSI  | Index

The pathogen determines the depressed, elongated or roundish notches on the branches, which open to form longitudinal fissures. This forms cancers that lead to the rapid death of the affected organ, so quickly that the leaves and flowers do not have time to detach. 
The flowers darken and desiccate, the inflorescences disarticulate and fall. On the fruits forms the brown, black rot and also the heart rots. The brown rot has a round shape, often centered on a wound, of brown colour, on which are found some yellow-ochre pads, in concentric circles (Mold in circles). The fruit either disintegrates quickly or becomes a mummy, that is, it dehydrates and its appearance becomes woody. Black rot is formed if the infection remains in larval form and mold does not form outside. 
In the heart the infection is formed around the seeds: the fruits are coloured more quickly and fall.

How to prevent? No prevention.

Natural treatment: eliminate affected parts and treat with copper (ambienta zapi)

Chemical treatment: copper fungicides

 CORINEUS | Index

The pathogen begins to signal its presence from the leaves, where it leaves purple notches surrounded by a chlorine halo that varies in red. The notches take the shape of a circle with a diameter of almost 1 mm, dry and consequently come off, causing the so-called "impallinatura". "Buttering" is formed when ripening fruits develop not very large criteria. When it comes to maturity the fruit is filled with red spots veiled with rather gummy crusts.

Prevention: nothing

Natural treatment: export the areas concerned and treat with copper (ambienta zapi)

Chemical treatment: we recommend rameic fungicides

DASHEEN MOSAIC VIRUS | Index

The shape of the leaves and their color are upset by the arrival of the virus that uses as a means of transport of the contagion the parasitic insects that are found on the plants. The result is a maximum aesthetic damage, but the plant does not die.

Treatment: We recommend to eliminate the affected parts by burning them

PESTS AND DISEASES OF CHILLI PEPPERS 

PESTS:

ACARUS | Index

The upper part of the leaves is their preferred settlement. In addition, the extremely small size makes it impossible to see them. The only detectable parasite is the red spider, due to its relief color compared to the green of the leaves.

The plant loses its vigor as it is infested by mites. The leaves fade and fall. The eriofids are the main cause of the loss of the leaves.

How to prevent? Use mineral oil (in the months of: November, January and February).

Natural cures: Phytoseiulus tetranychum.

Chemical treatments: Any acaricide.

LADYBUGS | Index

The ladybugs settle mainly in the cracks and where the sun does not beat. They are able to infest numerous types of plants.

The leaves become sticky and if you look closely you will notice the presence of patchy shields or wadding formations in which the parasites hide.

The parasite is removed manually if it has not yet completely infested the plant with the use of alcohol. In case it is too late to intervene partially, you must use the white oil that is activated through a pyrethroid or with malathion. Treat your chili plants with anticoccidia (early spring or autumn/winter) and destroy the eggs of the ladybugs that have been deposited.

How to prevent? Use mineral oils, copper, prospaltella berlesei (predators).

Natural treatments: Vegetable oils, predators.

Chemical treatments: anticoccidic at first appearance.

 APHIDS | Index

You may have already heard of aphids (fidomizi insects) are common lice.

Ants and sticky leaves are a sign of lice infestation on our plant. This parasite feeds on honeydew, produced by aphids.

How to prevent? Arrange a lavender bush every 5 square meters, squeeze 3 cloves of garlic and elongate the juice in 1 liter of water, then spray on the leaves; natural predators (eg: Diptera Sirfidi, Coleoptera Coccinellidi, Neurotteri Crisoperi, etc).

Natural treatments: pyrethrum, neem oil, etc.

Chemical treatments: Any aphids (especially use the systemic at first appearance).

ANGUILLULE | Index

Le anguillule vivono nei tessuti malati e sono altamente tossici. Sono dei parassiti microscopici. They must be eliminated immediately because they lead to the death of the plant.

We can notice the presence of eels paying attention to the leaves, if there are dark spots delimited by veins then we will have to provide in some way. Also, remember that wet leaves encourage increased infection.

How to prevent? Arthrobotrys superba, Bioact WG (bio).

Natural treatments: Solarization, bringing the culture medium to a temperature of 45/50 C compete for 3 hours and Bioact WG (bio).

Chemical treatments: Fumigants (dazomet and metam sodium), Non Fumigants, Carbammati (aldicarb, carbofuran, oxamyl), Phosphorganici (cadusafos, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate).

WHITE FLY | Index

The lower part of the plant is the nourishment of the white fly. The consequences of the infestation are: yellow leaves, weak plant or worse, loss of leaves and death. Ants, which feed on honeydew that this parasite produces in high quantities, develop smokes.

Natural treatments: Yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones.

Chemical treatments: Close-up treatments, one per week in a month, pyrethrum-based products, acephal, dimethoate + endosulfan, or alternatively with imidacloprid, repeat treatment once a month.

THRIPS | Index

The thrips are small insects visible on the leaves usually of blackish colour.

This parasite is very small. The thrips are easily identifiable because they are black.

How to prevent? Yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones are used.

Natural treatments: Use antagonistic insects (e.g.: the olius leavigator is an anthcoride predator of the thrips), pyrethrum and roll-gard blue (blue chromotopic traps).

Chemical treatments: We carry out a treatment with specific products every 10 days following the indications on the labels and the advice of the seller

LEAF MINERS | Index

The larvae from the eggs penetrate the mesophile of the leaves and cause their fall.

How to prevent? Use yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones.

Natural treatments: Lepinox plus, yellow chromotropic traps, biological control techniques such as Eulofid Hymenoptera Diglyphus isaea, parasite ide ectophagous larvae of Liriomyza trifolii.

Chemical treatments: Larvicides with endotherapeutic action.

BUG | Index

The bug feeds on the sap of the plant. To reach the tissues it hurts the plant, weakening it and giving the possibility to fungi and bacteria to attack it.

The sap of the plant is the nourishment that gives the energy necessary to the bug to develop, to reach it the parasite injures the plant, weakens all its structure and creates infections due to the development of fungi and bacteria.

The symptoms are: necrosis, during the ripening phase of the fruits develop chloritic punctuations that become localized necrosis (nuanced).

How to prevent? Use chromotropic traps.

Natural treatments: Piretro.

Chemical treatments: Pyrethroid insecticides.

SNAILS | Index

The tongue parasite called "glade", which takes the name of slurry or snail, is the cause of the leaf ruin of the plants. The symptoms we find are: the tender leaves have holes and usually also close excrements.

How to prevent? Use Lumachicids.

Natural treatments: Manual elimination at dawn and in the evening.

Chemical treatments: Lumachicides.

NOTTULA AND TINGOLA | Index 

These two parasites attack the aerial organs of the plant. The symptoms are: damage to the leaves, flowers and fruits through atypical erosions, holes in the dust of the fruits and practically damaging the entire harvest.

How to prevent? Use yellow chromotropic traps and/or pheromones.

Natural treatments: Prepare a solution of water or saponaria or chopped garlic.

Chemical treatments: Confidor, Decis Jet, Provado, Skorpio.

METCALFA PRUINOSA | Index

The Metcalfa pruniosa is born around the first half of May when the eggs of the parasite begin to hatch. In July we see the first specimens, with grey wings and length not exceeding the 8 millimeters. Like many parasites, it nourishes of the nymph taken thanks to the host plants and produces the metala (therefore the ants that cause the fumaggine are a visible consequence).

The most evident sign of its presence is the white colour of the honeydew over the entire structure of the plant, including buds and bunches.

How to prevent? Use yellow chromotropic traps.

Natural cures: Yellow chromotropic traps, Neodryinus typhlocybae (predatory insect).

Chemical treatments: Chlor pyrifos and Fenitrothion (active ingredients).

OZIORRINCO | Index

It is the larva of a beetle that when adult is brown/blackish 10 mm long similar to a beetle, goes up at night the plants and nourishes of the leaves.

The beetle attacks especially at night by feeding through the leaves of the plant. The Oziorrinco is very similar to the beetle, is 10mm long and when adult becomes dark (almost black).

How to prevent? Pershing (months of April and October)

Natural treatments: Larvanem - Nemasys L

Chemical treatments: Pershing microgranular in the ground (in October and January)

TENTREDINE WINDER | Index

The rolling machine has the head black and the body dotted with black on yellow. This hymenopter destroys the foliar lamina from which it gets the nourishment, leaves only the nervations and brings the rose to death.

How to prevent? Pershing (in April and September)

Natural treatments: Adina 10, Naturalis, Piretro

Chemical treatments: Decis Jet - Confido

TORTRICI | Index

The green and long Tortrici between 5 and 10 mm, cause the crumpling of the leaves of the plant. In addition, they produce wool that serves to protect themselves from phytopharmaceutical contact products.

The signal of the presence of this parasite are the circular holes on the leaves and flowers of the plant.

How to prevent? Pershing (in April and September)

Natural cures: Adina 10, Naturalis, Piretro

Chemical treatments: Decis Jet - Confidor

DISEASES:

 GREY MOLD | Index

It can attack all the organs of the plant causing foliar spots, rottenness of the buds and
of flowers. Easily identifiable as the characteristic mold is formed on the affected organs.

The grey mold attacks the plant entirely, each organ is hit by the mold that is responsible for the main signs of infestation: the spots on the leaves, the rot of the buds and flowers.

How to prevent? Moisture on leaves should be avoided

Natural treatments: Dodina, Index, Copper

Chemical treatments: Pomarsol - Folicur SE

 OIDIO O WHITE EVIL | Index

The disease of the "Mal Bianco" attacks the leaves and causes the white efflorescence which resembles the dust and smells of fungus.

How to prevent? With sulfur or sodium bicarbonate 200 g per 1l of water

Natural treatments: Sulfur, Sodium Bicarbonate

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim Combi

NECTRIA GALLIGENA | Index

It is the sporigen fungus that attacks the branches, the stem and the leaves.
The plant develops ulcers that expand, for example on the woody tissues we find burnished lesions with target appearance and that become a callous scar area.

How to prevent? You must disinfect scissors and knives; prune and burn the affected branches

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

Chemical treatments: Proclaim Combi - Folicur SE

TICCHIOLATURA O BLACK BLOTCH | Index

This disease attacks leaves, stems and fruits. It develops on ornamental plants due to diplocarpon or marssonin fungi.

How to prevent? With concentrated copper (in October, November and January)

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

PERONOSPORA | Index

The disease attacks the whole plant. The leaves stained on the upper page which pale, dry up and on the lower part develop the whitish efflorescence. The stems stained like the leaves, lose the turgescence and the stem breaks. Finally, the fruits, irregularly stained and of dark colour, have coriaceous and irregular skin; the berry rots completely.

How to prevent? With copper (in October, November and January)

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim Combi

RUST AND HELMINTHOSPORIOSE (RUST SCABBIOSA) | Index

Be careful especially in the spring until June. This pathogen causes the formation of yellow spots on the top of the leaf. The lower part has some powdery lumps of yellow colour (the spores). The spots tend to become dark almost black. This disease does not cause death immediately, but brings the plant to yellowing and if present massively on a plant causes a stage of vegetative stasis. The plant completes the cycle of vegetation, but eventually dies.

How to prevent? With concentrated copper (in October, November and January)

Natural treatments: Sulfur, Sodium Bicarbonate

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE, Proclaim Combi dithianon or thiophanate methyl.

FUMAGGINE | Index

First of all, let’s explain what smoking is: a group of saprophytic fungi, which feed on attacked substances (honeydew) that are produced by various insects (cochineal aphid and metcalfa).

It does not attack the plant, but creates dark and sooty structures, composed of intertwined mycelium. As the filaments and their compactness increase, it can no longer receive sunlight. When it comes to prolonged attacks, the weakened plant can die.

There are some types of smokes: dry and crusty; soft and greasy. This fungus is brown/black and when localized on the plant makes it aesthetically unpleasant.

How to prevent? Eliminate the main producers of honeydew and remove it from the leaves

Natural treatments: Copper, Dodina, Index

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim

RADICAL RUTTENNES | Index

Armillaria mellea is a fungus that causes this disease. Plants have slow growth, chlorotic leaves, weak branches and other symptoms. To prevent this pathogen from developing, it is essential to prevent water from stagnating (be careful when the plant is resting).

If the plant has been slightly affected, the affected branches may be removed and burned and the trunk collar disinfected (copper-based products).
If the compromise of the roots and the trunk is serious, it is necessary to extirpate the plant and to avoid the spread of the disease. Be careful to also disinfect the soil (sulfur products).

How to prevent? Eliminate water stagnations

Natural treatments: sulfur 

Chemical treatments: Folicur SE - Proclaim Combi and fumigants

 ROT OF THE COLLAR OF THE ROOTS| Index

The fallen fruits and the contaminated plant residues that remain in the soil are the cause of the rot, which penetrates the plant through wounds or directly. The affected plants weaken, have chlorotic and withered leaves. In the most serious cases the plant dies.

The collar of the plant becomes thickened with spongy layers, the cortical tissues flake, the bark darkens and large necrotic areas form in the central cylinder. The masculine fruits. 

How to prevent? Eliminate and avoid water that stagnates, injuries, respect the depth in planting and place the drippers away from the stem

Natural treatments: copper compounds allowed

Chemical treatments: copper compounds, phos-ethyl aluminium and Bordeaux pulp

 ANTRACNOSI | Index

The pathogen determines necrotic spots on the leaves, whilst the petioles and the fruits have a roundish shape and the margins are well delimited.

Treatment: Poltiglia Bordolese

ASCOCHYTA | Index

The genus of this pathogen belongs to the Deuteromycetes, family Sferioidacee. There are 400 species, especially saprophytes and maculicules. Some produce more or less corroded spots on the leaves of various cultivated Solanaceae, artichoke, asparagus etc.

Treatments: You must remove and burn the affected parts.

ALTERNARIA | Index

The pathogen determines small translucent spots surrounded by a reddish margin that expand and necrotize. The fruits have circular necrotic spots outlined by the mould.

Treatment: Chloride oxides of copper

FUSARIUM | Index

The leaves turn yellow, then brown and dry, the pathogen expands rapidly and the plant dies in a short time.

Treatment: Poltiglia Bordolese

MYROTHECIUM | Index

On the leaves are formed circular brown spots and the fruiting bodies of the fungus located in the center. Eliminate the part attached to the plant.

Treatment: Chloride oxides of copper

MONILLIOSI  | Index

The pathogen determines the depressed, elongated or roundish notches on the branches, which open to form longitudinal fissures. This forms cancers that lead to the rapid death of the affected organ, so quickly that the leaves and flowers do not have time to detach. 
The flowers darken and desiccate, the inflorescences disarticulate and fall. On the fruits forms the brown, black rot and also the heart rots. The brown rot has a round shape, often centered on a wound, of brown colour, on which are found some yellow-ochre pads, in concentric circles (Mold in circles). The fruit either disintegrates quickly or becomes a mummy, that is, it dehydrates and its appearance becomes woody. Black rot is formed if the infection remains in larval form and mold does not form outside. 
In the heart the infection is formed around the seeds: the fruits are coloured more quickly and fall.

How to prevent? No prevention.

Natural treatment: eliminate affected parts and treat with copper (ambienta zapi)

Chemical treatment: copper fungicides

 CORINEUS | Index

The pathogen begins to signal its presence from the leaves, where it leaves purple notches surrounded by a chlorine halo that varies in red. The notches take the shape of a circle with a diameter of almost 1 mm, dry and consequently come off, causing the so-called "impallinatura". "Buttering" is formed when ripening fruits develop not very large criteria. When it comes to maturity the fruit is filled with red spots veiled with rather gummy crusts.

Prevention: nothing

Natural treatment: export the areas concerned and treat with copper (ambienta zapi)

Chemical treatment: we recommend rameic fungicides

DASHEEN MOSAIC VIRUS | Index

The shape of the leaves and their color are upset by the arrival of the virus that uses as a means of transport of the contagion the parasitic insects that are found on the plants. The result is a maximum aesthetic damage, but the plant does not die.

Treatment: We recommend to eliminate the affected parts by burning them